Integrand size = 15, antiderivative size = 18 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {1-x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {1-x^4}}{2 x^2} \]
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Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 18, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 1, number of rules used = 1, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.067, Rules used = {270} \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {1-x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {1-x^4}}{2 x^2} \]
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Rule 270
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {\sqrt {1-x^4}}{2 x^2} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 18, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {1-x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {1-x^4}}{2 x^2} \]
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Time = 4.20 (sec) , antiderivative size = 15, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.83
method | result | size |
trager | \(-\frac {\sqrt {-x^{4}+1}}{2 x^{2}}\) | \(15\) |
meijerg | \(-\frac {\sqrt {-x^{4}+1}}{2 x^{2}}\) | \(15\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(-\frac {\sqrt {-x^{4}+1}}{2 x^{2}}\) | \(15\) |
risch | \(\frac {x^{4}-1}{2 x^{2} \sqrt {-x^{4}+1}}\) | \(20\) |
default | \(\frac {\left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (x^{2}+1\right )}{2 x^{2} \sqrt {-x^{4}+1}}\) | \(25\) |
elliptic | \(\frac {\left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (x^{2}+1\right )}{2 x^{2} \sqrt {-x^{4}+1}}\) | \(25\) |
gosper | \(\frac {\left (-1+x \right ) \left (1+x \right ) \left (x^{2}+1\right )}{2 x^{2} \sqrt {-x^{4}+1}}\) | \(26\) |
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none
Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 14, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.78 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {1-x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {-x^{4} + 1}}{2 \, x^{2}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.36 (sec) , antiderivative size = 34, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.89 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {1-x^4}} \, dx=\begin {cases} - \frac {i \sqrt {x^{4} - 1}}{2 x^{2}} & \text {for}\: \left |{x^{4}}\right | > 1 \\- \frac {\sqrt {1 - x^{4}}}{2 x^{2}} & \text {otherwise} \end {cases} \]
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none
Time = 0.19 (sec) , antiderivative size = 14, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.78 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {1-x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {-x^{4} + 1}}{2 \, x^{2}} \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 35 vs. \(2 (14) = 28\).
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 35, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.94 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {1-x^4}} \, dx=\frac {x^{2}}{4 \, {\left (\sqrt {-x^{4} + 1} - 1\right )}} - \frac {\sqrt {-x^{4} + 1} - 1}{4 \, x^{2}} \]
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Time = 5.47 (sec) , antiderivative size = 14, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.78 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {1-x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {1-x^4}}{2\,x^2} \]
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